dara' rule changes in islamic penal code with the modern penology teachings approach

dara' rule changes in islamic penal code with the modern penology teachings approach keyvan heidar nejad [1] fatemeh ahadi [2] seyyed abulfazl mirjafar pour [3]   abstract:                        dara' is one of the rules that is derived from figh. the rule indicates that by proving doubt or hesitancy at the time of committing crime, the offence cannot be proved. in the former penal code (1996), this rule includes some of hadd and tazir offences. whenever a crime or some of its provisions or any provision of criminal responsibility are subject to doubt and no reason is found to deny the case, the offence cannot be proven. through analytical-descriptive method, in the present research paper, we try to conform dara' rule changes in current islamic penal code (2012) with the teachings of modern penology. by relying on the notion of risk management and use of statistical tools, offenders can be divided into two categories of low and high risk. for high risk offenders, strict penal policy will be applied. therefore, considering the obtained results, it is found out that according to article 120 of islamic penal code, dara' rule does not include some hadd offences such as enmity with god, corruption on earth, ghazaf; that is for the mere existence of doubt and uncertainty the rule cannot apply and reasons as well as documents are required to be obtained to reject them. so, legislature has adopted a strict penal policy. on the other hand, accordint to article 119 of the same act, this rule includes all hadd and tazir offences and does not conform to the teachings of modern penology. key words: dara' rule, modern penology, strict penal policy [1] . ph.d. candidate in penology law at iau, maragheh branch, iran. [2] . assistant professor of law, at iau, maragheh branch, iran. [3] . an m.a. graduate of jurisprudence and principles of islamic law.